History of Coca Cola

As compared to other manufacturers of carbonated drinks, the Coca Cola Company is one of the most recognized companies globally. Prior to the present state, where the company manufactures many brands including Coca Cola, at its time of discovery the company never existed, but rather what existed was a coca wine, its discoverer John Pemberton had branded Pemberton French Wine Coca.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on History of Coca Cola specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pemberton was an Atlanta, Georgia based pharmacist, who will remain in Coca Cola’s books of history, because he invented the original Coca Cola original formulation. To be where it is, the company has undergone a series of transformations and struggles, in terms of both products and management, it being a company that believes in product innovation and quality. Presently, the Coca Cola Company commands the biggest market share of the bevera ge industry, it being one of the most consumed drinks globally, with no cultural boundaries (Coca Cola Company 1). The history of coca cola backdates to 1886, when John Pemberton formulated the first form of the syrup that gave birth to the present world leading non-alcoholic beverage producer. After proving that the syrup was safe for human consumption in Jacob’s pharmacy, Pemberton through support from his bookkeeper Frank Robinson started to market the new drink. Although the main source of its name was from its two main ingredients kola and cola leaves, the first formulation had other constituents namely: cane sugar syrup, sugar syrup, and caffeine. Pemberton’ happiness was short-lived with the introduction of the prohibition law in 1886; hence, forcing Pemberton to change the composition of his formulation, by removing all traces of alcohol. Coca cola gained popularity among the American citizenry, as most individuals believed that it was a remedy to many health c omplications, for example, severe headaches, impotence, dyspepsia, and morphine addiction. In an endeavor to increase its popularity among the American citizenry, Pemberton called the new modified non-alcoholic drink Delicious and refreshing, followed by the first sponsored media advertisement in the Atlanta Journal in May 29th, 1886.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although he made many efforts to excel in his endeavors, the first year was a blow to him, because his sales totaled to $50, a figure that was less by $20, of the total incurred expenses (Coca Cola Company 1). In 1888, because of the dismal performance of his company, Pemberton traded some rights of the company to Asa Candler, a fellow pharmacist. Later on the same year, he traded some of his rights to more businesspersons namely Mayfield, Murphey, Bloodworth, and Mullahy, a fact that made his son Charley to start selling a modified form of the Coca Cola product. The transfer of ownership marked the onset of the present leading beverage producer Coca Cola Company, because in 1892, through support from Frank Robinson, Chandler registered the Company. Although he had sold some rights of the company to other businesspersons, to him the brand name Coca Cola belonged to is son, although he permitted other stakeholders to use the name. After his death in late 1988, Because of the brand ownership problem, during summer 1888, Candler sought to trade his shares, a case that failed leading to a legal battle with other stakeholders. His control of the company faced many problems, for example, in 1914, through proving that Candler has forged Pemberton’s signature, Dozier sought to overthrow him from the top company leadership position. This led to many legal cases and leadership changes in later years, although the company remained string (Bhateja 1). On the other hand, to increase the comp any’s publicity, Candler adopted a new advertising and marketing strategy that involved the use of flyers, posters, and murals, which he intended to spread in all American markets. Because of the expanding market, the company started selling its bottled products in 1894, and later on in 1955, the company launched its canned products into the market. In addition, taking advantage of the gained publicity, increased sales and gaining of distribution rights in 1899, the company was able to construct its first manufacturing plants in Dallas and bottling plants in Mississippi and Vicksburg.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on History of Coca Cola specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The construction of bottling companies led to the first appearance of the straight-sided bottles in 1916, although later on to avoid copycats, through contracting an Indian design company, Root Glass, the Company was able to unveil the Contour-shaped bottle. With the emergence of the bottled soda and increased bottling plants, the soda fountains and ice cream salons, which were main sellers of Coca Cola, disappeared hence, increasing the popularity of the bottled products. To add to the original formulation, Candler nourished the old formulation with five ounces of the cocaine, in every gallon of the original syrup, although later on in 1903, the process stopped, making the drink to have a pure coca flavor. Contrary to Candler’s expectations, the changes in flavor reduced its sales, as most consumers preferred the original formulation. This made the company to re-adopt the old formulation in manufacturing its products, leading to the new name of coca cola products namely â€Å"Coca Cola Classic† (Solar Navigators 1). In 1923, the company launched the new six-pack carton box and Because of military actions of 1940’s, and in an endeavor to expand its international market, the company started to build more plants in other nations, for example, France, Belgium, Spain, South Africa (Bellis 1-2). To meet all consumers’ demands in 1960’s and early 1970’s the company, introduced varying package sizes, for example, 10 and 12 ounces packets, and new brands, for example, Fanta, Minute Maid, Tab, Mello Yellow and Sprite. Later on in 1980’s the company introduced diet coke and cherry coke hence, further expanding its market share. Recent developments of the company include the bringing into the market of new products; for example, coca cola zero ad Dasani water (in 2005), and diet coke plus (2007). Other developments include the reverting of the name Coca Cola classic to the original Coca Cola (in Canada in 2007) and in Southeastern Asia (in 2009), and resuming of business in Iraq (in 2005), after the war had (Coca Cola Company 1). In conclusion, the coca cola company has undergone tremendous changes since its discovery both in its leadership and in produ cts to where it is. One primary factor that has contributed to its present state is its primary goal of meeting all society needs. This is evident as the company not only engages in business activities, but it also actively participates in community programs, for example, sports and charities. Another factor that has greatly contributed to its success is the hiding of the identity of its concentrate. All global Coca Cola bottling plants have to obtain the concentrate from the company’s headquarters in Atlanta for their manufacturing purposes.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Bellies, Mary. The history of coca cola. 2010. Web. Coca Cola Company. History of bottling. Coca Cola. 2010. Web. Solar Navigators. Cola marketing history. Solar Navigators. 2010. Web. Bhateja, Anurag. The origin of coca cola. 2010. Web. This term paper on History of Coca Cola was written and submitted by user Laurel Stephens to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Gender and Stereotypes in adv. essays

Gender and Stereotypes in adv. essays In today's society, people are becoming more aware of the problem of stereotypes. Although we are meant to live in a fluid society, the portrayal of rigid stereotypes by the media does not help to reduce this problem. Many issues involving sexual status and gender stereotypes have been disputed, including the ethical reasoning behind why stereotypes should be dismissed and avoided in advertising. Throughout the history of Western society, there have always been unresolved issues between the male and female sex. Inequality has been the biggest of these, resulting in the appearance of movements such as feminism and post-feminism in the last century. Another problem that has been often aired is acceptance of gender and sexual preferences. The Gay Rights movement has developed in earnest of this, in an attempt to show the number of people in society who do hold fluid sexual preferences. Within the boundaries of sex, the typical stereotypes of women are often used in advertising. One of these is the idea of women in the domestic role. Often when advertising products that are designed to be used everyday around the home, companies use women to advertise these. An example of an advertisement that does this is the print ad for the Wedgwood dinner service (O'Shaughnessy, 2000). Because it is a meal whose preparation is traditionally associated with women, the advertisement is aimed towards this demographic. This idea is blatantly exploited in an advertisement for men's magazine Ralph (O'Shaughnessy, 2000), which depicts a woman cleaning up after a man. A further problem that has been found in this stereotype is that usually these women are under 30, and stay-at-home wives. However, apparently only 13% of women in Australia actually fit this role (Ad Nauseam, 1990). So although advertising is meant to reflect modern society, by looking at this it can be seen that it does not. It is because of this reason that groups such as Media Switch ha...

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Sociological perspectives of family and household

Sociological perspectives of family and household Introduction For the purpose of the assignment title I aim to explain four sociological perspectives of the family and the household. I will also try and evaluate each perspective and give my own opinions of their views. I will then go onto explaining how childrens roles and the roles and relationships have changed within the family over time, and give a brief overview of how the family in todays society has changed through diversity and multi-cultural structures. Functionalism Functionalists view the family as a nuclear family structure, i.e. a mother, father and 1 or 2 children. Murdock surveyed 250 societies from the small hunting tribes to the large industrialised societies. He found that in every society there was some form of a nuclear family, he concluded from this study that the nuclear family was universal. Murdocks definition of a nuclear family is The nuclear family is a universal human social grouping. Either as the sole prevailing form of the family or as the basic unit from which more complex forms are compounded. It exists as a distinct and strongly functional group in every known society, (Murdock cited in Haralambos, M. 1985. 326) Within the framework of the nuclear family, Murdock identified with four family functions which if were ignored, society would not exist. Sexual, Reproduction, Economic and Education were the four functions. Similar to Murdock, Tallcott Parsons another functionalist had his own views of what functions the nuclear family should contribute to society. He believed that there were two important roles within the family Expressive and Instrumental. The womens role was the Expressive role as she was the one who raised, nurtured and taught the children the norms and values within the home. The mans role was the Instrumental role because he went out to work to provide financial security for his family. Parsons also identified the family as being the primary agent of socialisation and came up with the warm bath theory primary socialisation (norms and values) and stabilisation of adult personalities (support and love for the adults within the family. Criticisms Functionalists view of the family is similar to a fairy tale, because they ignore the family dynamics and in some families the darker side i.e. abuse, neglect and violence through male domination. Marxism A Marxist perspective of the family saw the family as a means of production and cheap labour whereby they are influenced by capitalism in a capitalist society. Marxists identified three main functions which they saw as a way for the family to fulfil for capitalism. Inheritance of Property means that in order for property to be handed down to a legitimate heir, sexual relationships need to be restricted to one person, thus the offspring would be blood related. For this to happen, The monogamous nuclear family developed with the emergence of private property, in particular the private ownership of the forces of production, and the advent of the state, (cited in Haralambos, M. 1985. 340) The second function is the Ideological Functions which families need to fulfil by socialising children with the ideas that there will always be bosses and workers within a capitalist society. The last function looks at the Unit of Consumption whereby families work to produce goods, which are bought by the families to enable them to be fed and clothed, which bring greater profit for the capitalists. Criticisms Marxists ignore the different structures of families which are found in todays society and with this the different roles within the family. Feminism Feministic views of the family are split into 3 groups, similar to that of the key perspectives. Liberal feminists believe that both the male and the females have equal roles within the family when it comes to the household chores and childcare. Marxist feminists view the women as the producer of future workers and womens oppression stems from capitalism and not the family. Radical feminists view of the family structure is one of patriarchal and that men are seen as the enemy. This type of family within society is also seen by feminists as the key institution in its contribution to maintaining social control Criticisms All three branches of feminism view the nuclear family as the most dominant unit within society, as well as believing that all members of the family serve society, performing different functions. Post Modernist A post modernistic view of the family is at the opposite ends of the scale to functionalism. Post modernists believe that in most societies there are diverse and multi-cultural types of families where members within these units are free to make their own life choices as to how, what and where they live, work and socialise within society. Post modernists also believe that everyone is entitled to the same opportunities in education, healthcare and family support as in their view, there are no class divisions (working and ruling classes), in most societies. Zietlin et al summarises this view of the world, The post modern world is shaped by pluralism, democracy, religious freedom, consumerism, mobility and increasing access to news and entertainment, (Zietlin class handout 2009. 92) Criticisms Because of their views of equal opportunities and freedom of speech and choices they ignore the fact that some people can and do make wrong choices with regards to ignoring the norms and values which are passed down the generations which inevitably upsets the social control aspects in some societies. How the roles and relationships of the family have change over time. Sociologists view childhood as Social Construction because they are biologically distinct from adults, (Harris, M. 2008.44) For this reason I will explain the question in two parts. Children The role of the child within a pre-industrial family (pre 1750), was one of equal standing. As soon as the child could walk and talk they were taught the family trade and were expected to carry on the family tradition. After the industrial revolution came the emergence of the industrial family (1800-1900), when children as young as 6 or 7 were sent to work in factories and down coal mines to bring money into the family home, however this brought about higher mortality rates because children werent as strong as adults. The mortality rates went into decline when the modern industrial family emerged (1900-2000), this is because children were starting to be seen as children and not as cheap labour. Experiences of childhood began to emerge for the majority of children within families, however there are still some societies today that still send their children out to work, but this is now not the norm in todays world. Gender roles and relationships During the pre-industrial years both men and women worked together with other family members. However this all changed between 1750 and 1900 when women were expected to stay at home and be responsible for household chores, childcare and producing the future workforce. This type of family structure was very patriarchal the men had the power so they were the dominators in the family. However this started to change when the modern industrial family emerged between 1900 and 2000, as more women were given the opportunity to become educated, this led to more women in the workforce. This led the family to share the household chores and the childcare and sometimes swap roles within the family if the man became unemployed. Diversity of the contemporary family structure What is a family? This question has been raised by many sociologists and the majority of these have all had different opinion. However in answer to this question, a family can be the nuclear or extended type of family, which are 2 or 3 generations living under one roof. This type of family was more common pre-1750 when families worked with and supported each other, and which still does happen in some cultures and societies i.e. Asian families. Other types of family structures which are more common in Britain today are the one parent families, the step families, the divorced families and the gay and lesbian families who have children. Families today are extremely diverse and multi-cultural through social influences from the media, education and global improvements. Conclusion Throughout this assignment I have paid particular attention to the different views of Functionalism, Marxism, Feminism and Post Modernism. I have given an evaluation of each perspective and have briefly described the changes in roles, relationships and structures within families. I have concluded in my evaluation that my opinion of families and households is one that in todays society of choice, freedom, diversity and multi-cultural structures that post modernism is by far the best view and explanation of society today. BIBLIOGRAPHY Haralambos, M Heald, R. (1985) Sociology Themes and Perspectives, (2nd ed), London, Unwin Hyman Limited. Harris, S (2008) Sociology AS A2 Revision, (3rd ed) Essex, Pearson Education Limited. Ritzer, G (1996) Modern Sociological Theory, (4th ed) Singapore, McGraw-Hill Book Co. Taylor, P. et al (1995) Sociology in Focus, Bath, Bath Press Zietlin, M. et al (1995) Strengthening the Family Implications for International Development, Tokyo, United Nations University Press www.sociologyonline.co.uk www.sociology.org.uk

My American Nightmare Essay example -- Education Careers School Essays

My American Nightmare Many people today talk of their American Dreams†¦how much they want to fulfill a fantasy of houses, wives, cars, and jobs that pay well. To me, becoming the same as everyone else†¦fulfilling the dream of a life that I don’t want is in truth not a dream, but a horrible nightmare which my education has tried to direct me towards, and that I have fought at every turn. Anyone can live the life of another person. It’s quite simple to just copy others desires and dreams, to seek that which they seek. To this extent, many Americans base their lives on things like pop culture. We bring up these â€Å"model† Americans that everyone should strive to be, usually in the form of singers and movie stars. To live this life is a lie in two ways, because we strive for a type of living that most of us cannot hope to attain, and because we forget about ourselves, our individuality, and our potential as humans to become something great. As we realize that the first dream is hopeless, we then realize a new false dream, we strive to gain money and social position through a â€Å"good job†. Most of these jobs involve meaningless and menial tasks which we are to repeat over and over again, although many of today’s careers mask this repetition by making things like â€Å"projects† and â€Å"assignments† with different purposes. While we may gain money, most Americans hate their jobs, and to this extent lead miserable lives, gaining escape through sexuality and drugs, much in the same way described by Krishnamurti (Krishnamurti 115-117). It is this sort of drudgery that is my nightmare. Waking up every day to relive the same day, the same moments, the same sensation, and then retire to repeat the process. To live this... ...f music upon my life, I made the decision to change my future, and realized what I wanted in life, which brings me to where I am today. I stand at the edge of reality, and looking back I see what I left behind, I see order, regulation, a boring life filled with things that I have no desire for. I turn to look forward, and I see limitless potential†¦a life without borders or boundaries. A world where anything is possible. Works Cited Krishnamurti, Jiddu. Education and the Significance of Life. New York : Harper & Row, 1981. Columbo, Gary, ed. Rereading America. Boston : Beford, 2001. Gatto, John Taylor. â€Å"The Seven-Lesson Schoolteacher† in Rereading America, Gary Columbo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle, eds. Anyon, Jean. â€Å"From Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work† in Rereading America, Gary Columbo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle, eds.